Taxonomy of Cattle

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> Cattle were originally identified by Carolus Linnaeus as three separate species - Bos Taurus (European domestic cattle, including his kind in Africa and Asia), Bos indicus ( zebu ) and the extinct Bos primigenius ( wild European tour . Nowadays it is considered that the tours are ancestors of European cattle and zebutata, and increasingly all three forms are identified as subspecies of one species, Bos primigenius (respectively Bos primigenius Taurus , Bos primigenius indicus and Bos primigenius primigenius ).<br /> <br /> Systematics of domestic cattle is complicated by the ability to roam successfully with related species. There are hybrid individuals and even breeds derived from crosses of European cattle not only zebu but also with other animals of the genus Cattle by yak , banteng and Gaur . It is even possible hybridization with one of the two types of bison that are not usually included in the genus Cattle. At the same time domestic cattle can not be crossed with some more distant members of the subfamily of cattle as kafarskiya and domestic buffalo . The hybrid origin of some forms of domestic cattle is not obvious. For example, genetic studies have shown that breed Dwarf Lulu , the only cattle without hump in Nepal are a hybrid of European cattle, zebu and yak. <br /> <br /> Originally the tour, the supposed ancestor of domestic cattle is widespread in Europe , North Africa and much of Asia . Historically, extending range is limited to a part of Europe, the last known specimen died in Poland around 1627.  Attempts by hybridization to create a home ox-like appearance of the tour, the result of which breed Heck .

Cattle were originally identified by Carolus Linnaeus as three separate species - Bos Taurus (European domestic cattle, including his kin...

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Cow in Egyptian mythology

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuQxg1nTm_UBT9Yw7wvhVw0VU-8hDlpas5nWzag0-G-vpszA6KHOIKFDAb__W3mSU52s8KDtu0Dyyri_flOPZ7Gqx0qWUMA8e1SOZR4BaKgJbrzehT9kNmT6TGQbDKsE99txQaznMPvdG/s1600/hathor-holy-cow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuQxg1nTm_UBT9Yw7wvhVw0VU-8hDlpas5nWzag0-G-vpszA6KHOIKFDAb__W3mSU52s8KDtu0Dyyri_flOPZ7Gqx0qWUMA8e1SOZR4BaKgJbrzehT9kNmT6TGQbDKsE99txQaznMPvdG/s1600/hathor-holy-cow.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> Considered the goddess HATOR is a symbol of compassion and tender care, and had a picture of the cow that carry the moon between Qrnyha, or pharaoh Horus and Garrison.<span id="goog_1982492131"></span>

Considered the goddess HATOR is a symbol of compassion and tender care, and had a picture of the cow that carry the moon between Qrnyha,...

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Impact of the cow on the environment

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <b><br /></b> <b><br /></b> <b>Fertilizers </b><br /> Cow humus is one of the best fertilizers . The litter cows often settle ants and red ants . Cow manure for fertilizer spread dung beetles . Flies lay back their eggs . In addition, chickens, cow dung opening, there are a lot of nutrients.<br /> <b><br /></b> <b>Methane emissions</b><br /> Scientists have discovered that cows emit methane . the amount depends on the diet of the cow. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations confirmed this information. More studied this problem in the United Kingdom . The researchers concluded that each day, each of the 10 million British cows allocates approximately 100-200 liters of methane.<br /> <br /> During the project, the researchers also looked at possible ways to reduce the cows release ammonia  - another greenhouse gas . The task of scientists is to develop some new diet for cows that during their digestion generates less gas. Michael Ebertan Research Institute of Wales in Aberystuitse calls several options feed cows that are able to reduce the emissions of gas : ryegrass with a high content of sugar , white clover and lyadvyanets .<br /> <br /> The British government has allocated for this project, which will run for three years, 750,000 pounds, which is about 1.51 million U.S. dollars. Home base studies - University of Wales Aberystuitse.

Fertilizers  Cow humus is one of the best fertilizers . The litter cows often settle ants and red ants . Cow manure for fertilizer spre...

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Disease cows are different

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> Most common cow blood cancer - leukemia . Cows infected with leukemia dangerous that carry the disease through blood and milk . To avoid infecting cows with leukemia, they make annual vaccinations and examine them from this and other diseases. If a cow is healthy, she was given a special passport to allow the consumption of milk. Collect dairy dairy can only when there is a passport.<br /> <br /> In addition, the cow can carry tuberculosis , rabies and plague . Often under the skin of cows live larvae blind and other insects . These larvae feed on the blood of cows and can reduce the amount of blood from the cow almost one percent.

Most common cow blood cancer - leukemia . Cows infected with leukemia dangerous that carry the disease through blood and milk . To avoid ...

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Calf cow is considered a feminine symbol and the supply of life-giving powers of the earth, and paired

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> In India since ancient times the cow is considered sacred animals, the embodiment of the Great Mother Odie and the earth, and sometimes even the entire universe. Vedas associate them with the dawn and the sun, calling his mother, driving the triple nature of the world. Cow protected world law and Vishnu himself for killing a cow is also possible to go to hell, so it is forbidden: "Murderers cows destined to rot in hell for so many years, how many hairs on the body of the cow" .<br /> <br /> In the mythology of different nations cow performs space function: from Egyptians celestial cow Chickpea , which spawned the sky personified heavenly ocean . In Memphis , she performed a symbol of passive force, the embodiment of Venus . It is a cow on the advice of the oracle legendary Cadmus brought to the place where they were based in Thebes .<br /> <br /> Calf cow is considered a feminine symbol and the supply of life-giving powers of the earth, and paired with the bull they represent a symbol of deity - male and female, and that sparazhayuchaga vykormlivayuchaga. For example, in ancient Greece, was often depicted with a cow and calf , who suck the udder, which meant that the multiplication of divine power, feed herself.

In India since ancient times the cow is considered sacred animals, the embodiment of the Great Mother Odie and the earth, and sometimes ...

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Economic significance of cattle in Belarus

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> There are more than a thousand species and groups of species of cattle, but all of them can be divided into specialized (dairy, meat) and combined, or breed double productivity (milk and meat, meat and milk).<br /> <br /> There are around 1.3 billion cattle, mostly - cows. The largest population in India (400 million), Brazil and China (150 million).<br /> <br /> In Belarus on 1.1.2007 there were 3.9 million head of cattle, including 1.5 million - a cow. Milk production per capita country ranks 1st in the CIS and 4th in Europe . More than 98% of meat and milk from farms receive Belarusian breeding black-and-white cows.<br /> <br /> Cow in a peasant family has long symbolized wealth and prosperity. Lose a cow, especially in lean years for farmers was tantamount to disaster. Therefore cow in outback always respected, strongly guarded, cared for, treated her kindly . Earlier in Belarus shed vtryvannya cows called barn , shed or barn .<br /> <br /> Breeding cows engaged in animal husbandry , the predominant livestock sector. Dairy and meat and dairy breeds are bred for milk production, beef and leather.<br /> <br /> Wastes cow dung is used as a good fertilizer. In 2009 it was deciphered the genome of the cow , which will improve and accelerate the excretion of rocks with the desired properties for agriculture.

There are more than a thousand species and groups of species of cattle, but all of them can be divided into specialized (dairy, meat) an...

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Biological features of Cattle

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> The most characteristic feature of biological cattle - the ability of cows to give milk (laktsiravats) for a long time. Lifespan cows on average 18-20 years, but they should be used only until the age of 10. After 7-8 lactation milk yield and fertility of cows is reduced, but there are exceptions.<br /> <br /> Puberty in bulls and heifers occurs in 6 to 9 months of age, but physical maturity until the animal has not yet been reached and practice heifers asemyanyayuts first 1.5 years of age at 350-380 kg live weight. Tselnasts at an earlier age with low body weight can delay the growth and development of the animal, lead to the birth of a weak calf and cause low milk production. Most fruitful insemination of cows and heifers only during hunting, which comes and repeats some time after birth in cows and after puberty in heifers and 18-20 hour stretches. (Sometimes, 6-48 h). Cows come in hunting usually day 21 (range 18-25 days) after birth. Visually, it is possible to determine the behavior of the animal and the appearance of her genitals. Identify cows (heifers), who came to hunt, spend at least three times a day: in the morning and in the afternoon during a walk in the evening or during milking and care of animals. Asemyanyayuts cows before milking first hunt after birth twice after heat detection and 10-12 hours if it is available. After insemination of cows and heifers should be kept in a stall in the disappearance of desire. Cows do not come to hunt 45 days after delivery is required to show the vet.<br /> Tselnasts cows lasts an average of 285 days. Deviation in either direction (within 260-312 days) depends on the feeding and care, precocity, fetal sex, the individual properties of the animal, and other causes.<br /> <br /> Cow is rarely more than one calf. His live weight of 25-40 kg (gobies usually weigh 1-2 kg more heifers). Growth and development of the animal lasts up to 5 years. The adult cattle 32 teeth on terms of their shape changes and erase determine its age. The normal temperature of 38,6 ° C, the pulse of 50-60 beats per minute.<br /> <br /> In cattle, the four- stomach , well adapted to the digestion of hay, straw and other fubyh feed. The first three of the stomach (rumen, the book, the grid) have glands called peradstravnikami. The present is the fourth stomach department - rennet, mucosa are rich in iron. The bridge, which by volume is 80% of all cameras stomach to feed microorganisms, coarse fiber vegetable feed converted to affordable digestive gland substance. 3 adrygvaetstsa scar softened food into the mouth, chewed and swallowed again. This process is called gum (hence the name "ruminants"). Then feed enters the following divisions of the stomach and the intestine, where finally digested and absorbed.

The most characteristic feature of biological cattle - the ability of cows to give milk (laktsiravats) for a long time. Lifespan cows on...

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Cow in Switzerland

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> Not a cow in Switzerland like any other cow in the world, because the cow Swiss enjoy many rights, including the  including the need to have a birth certificate just like any ordinary citizen in Switzerland, also benefit from the security measures that pursuing any emitter of harm

Not a cow in Switzerland like any other cow in the world, because the cow Swiss enjoy many rights, including the  including the need to ...

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Cow in Egyptian mythology

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPaBYl-W-vjEW1e3Eav5p6aqrUyaMSTAEUzNfBrSxKuX0Vb7pG-cxEtgOfoUEWbej-N4YN7IznyYKxCOMFYXliuFsqTBrcrVBMDPM1R_vVGKNDrNakPWBjIsXHzKmq4bAzoep5IEFUKafE/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> Considered the goddess HATOR is a symbol of compassion and tender care, and had a picture of the cow that carry the moon between Qrnyha, or pharaoh Horus and Garrison.

Considered the goddess HATOR is a symbol of compassion and tender care, and had a picture of the cow that carry the moon between Qrnyha, ...

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Africa has about 20,000,000 head of cattle

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-58fK3n7VfmQ1NqSxH3cNunZqf8mb9fQ0RXewjaUwj1Yiu5eqk_qYyY2yd7NUFsFpH-1C9MKEllc2XvmLliitQaQ2Wz15BLHICi-CWhjrOI4_FP8uTx2QysdTGCxjBzgeNNIqMYRoniq7/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-58fK3n7VfmQ1NqSxH3cNunZqf8mb9fQ0RXewjaUwj1Yiu5eqk_qYyY2yd7NUFsFpH-1C9MKEllc2XvmLliitQaQ2Wz15BLHICi-CWhjrOI4_FP8uTx2QysdTGCxjBzgeNNIqMYRoniq7/s1600/07_04_8_web.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> A cow is a large domesticated, grasetende ungulate. In common usage also includes cattle cows, bulls, steers, heifers and calves.<br /> <br /> Cattle are usually cattle are kept for their meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products , and as work animals for hauling carts, plows and the like. Other products include leather and dung for fertilizer and biofuels .<br /> <br /> In some countries, such as India , cattle are sacred. Africa has about 20,000,000 head of cattle, many of which are traditional manner reared. In traditional communities are cows sometimes used as currency and indicate the owner's wealth and status in society.

A cow is a large domesticated, grasetende ungulate. In common usage also includes cattle cows, bulls, steers, heifers and calves. Catt...

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Animals Melanin

White or black animals can be explained by the concentration of melanin in the feathers or fur .<br /> The melanism is much rarer than the albinism in animals .<br /> <br /> <br /> The lack of melanin give a white or yellowish animal (presence of other pigments) red eyes ( albino ) as in the real white horse . On the contrary, excessive melanin concentration give an animal plumage or coat black ( melanistic ) as in the case of mutation nigripennis Blue Peafowl (Peacock nigripenne) or panther black.<br /> <br /> Non migration in feathers or hairs that give a white pigment in animal skin, eyes and legs normally colored as in the case of mutation alba of peacock blue (white peacock) and that of the gray horse . Non migration of melanocytes in the skin or apoptosis premature gives animals leucistic , all white, partially colored like the white tiger , or pie . Deficient tyrosinase, unable to operate at normal body temperature, gives the phenotype colourpoint .

White or black animals can be explained by the concentration of melanin in the feathers or fur . The melanism is much rarer than the albini...

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